Tuesday, November 13, 2012

DAFTAR SINGKATAN “ATM” (1): A s/d H

PENGANTAR

Setiap hari “singkatan” (abbreviation) atau juga “akronim” selalu bertambah. Menghapalkan pasti sulit apalagi yang berbahasa Inggris. Dalam kaitan dengan kegiatan pengendalian HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis dan Malaria, kita akan jumpai singkatan yang demikian banyak. Bagi pengelola program terkait, yang hari-hari bergumul dengan HIV/AIDS, TB atau Malaria tentunya tidak kesulitan. Tetapi bagi orang awam atau (mohon maaf) pejabat yang urusannya lebih besar, suatu saat bisa lupa. Pada saat “meeting” atau menyampaikan materi, bisa saja hilang dari kepala. Dulu saya sering mengalami hal ini. Mau tanya kepada staf, ada rasa malunya juga.
 
Daftar singkatan di bawah dikumpulkan dari publikasi WHO. Tidak hanya singkatan untuk hal-hal teknis tetapi juga lainnya yang terkait dengan kegiatan teknisnya. Demikian pula singkatan nama Badan, organisasi, komite, tim, kelompok terkait dalam singkatan bahasa Inggris disertakan sekali. Supaya tidak terlalu panjang, sehingga kelamaan “scroll down” posting dibagi tiga. Kita mulai dengan yang diawali huruf A s/d H. Kiranya bermanfaat.

A

3 TC: Lamivudine

AB: Antibody

ABC: Abacavir

ABC: Activity-Based Costing Model

ABC: Airway Breathing Circulation

ABER: Annual Blood Examination Rate

ACD: Active Case Detection

ACR: Adequate Clinical Response

ACT: Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy

ACTG: AIDS Clinical Trials Group

ACH: Air Changes Per Hour

ACSM: Advocacy, Communication and Social Mobilization

ADR: :Adverse Drug Reaction

AFASS: Acceptable, Feasible, Affordable, Sustainable and Safe

AFB: Acid-Fast Bacilli (Indonesia: BTA – Bakteri Tahan Asam)

AFR: WHO African Region

AFRO: WHO Regional Office for Africa

AI: Active Ingredients (refers to the four AI classes of pesticides)

AIDS: Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome

ALMA: African Leaders Malaria Alliance

ALT: Alanine aminoTransferase

AMC: Average Monthly Consumption

AMFm: Affordable Medicine Facility malaria

AMI: Amazon Malaria Initiative

AMP: Alliance for Malaria Prevention

AMR: WHO Region of the Americas

AMRO: WHO Regional Office for the Americas

ANC: AnteNatal Care

APCD: Activated Passive Case Detection

API: Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

API: Annual Parasite Incidence

API: Annual parasite Index

APMR: Annual Patient Monitoring review

ARC: AIDS Related Complex

ARI: Annual Risk of Infection

ART: AntiRetroviral Therapy

ARV: AntiRetroViral (drugs)

ASAP: AIDS Strategy and Action Plans

AST: Aspartate Amino Transferase

ATS: American Thoracic Society

ATV: Atazanavir

AZT: Azidothymidine, generic Zidovudine (ZDV)

B

BCC: Behavior Change Communication

BCG: Bacille Calmette-Guerin

BID: Twice daily

BMI: Body Mass Index

BMU: Basic Management Unit

bPI: boosted Protease Inhibitor

BRICS: Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China, South Africa

BSC: BioSafety Cabinet

BSL: BioSafety Level

BSS: Behavior Sentinel Survey

BW: Body Weight

C

CAB: Community Advisory Board

CAH: Child and Adolescent Health

CAT (CT Scan): Computerized Axial Tomography

CBC: Community-Based TB Care

CBO: Community Based Organization

CCM: Community Case Management

CCM: Country Coordinating Mechanism

CD4: Cell T-Lymphocyte bearing CD4 receptor

CD4: Count of the lymphocytes with a CD4 surface marker per cubic millimetre of blood

CDC: (United States) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDR: Case Detection Rate

CDS: Communicable Disease and Surveillance

CEM: Cohort Event Monitoring

CFR: Case Fatality Rate

CHAI: Clinton Health Access Initiative

CHTC: Couples HIV testing and Counselling

CHW: Community Health Worker

CI: Confidence Interval

CITC: Client-Initiated Testing and Counselling

CMMB: Catholic Medical Mission Board

CMR: Crude Mortality Rate

CMV: CytoMegaloVirus

CNS: Central Nervous System

COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Indonesia: PPOK – Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis)

CPT: Co-trimoxazole Preventive Therapy

CPTR: Critical Path to New TB Drug Regimens (Initiative)

CRESIB: Barcelona Centre for International Health Research

CSF: CerebroSpinal Fluid

CSO: Civil Society Organization

CSW: Commercial Sex Worker

CTBC: Community-Based TB Care

CTX: Cotrimoxazole

CXR: chest X-ray

D

D4T: Stavudine

DAART: Directly administered antiretroviral therapy

DALY: Disability-Adjusted Life Year

DBS: Dried Blood Spot

ddl: Didanosine

DDT: Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane

DEWG: DOTS Expansion Working Group

DFID: The United Kingdom Department for International Development

DHIS: District Health Information Software

DHMT: District Health Management Team

DHS: Demographic and Health Survey

DMC: Designated Microscopy Centre

DNA: DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

DOT: Directly Observed Treatment

DOTS: Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (The internationally recommended strategy for tuberculosis control)

DRS: Drug Resistance Survey (Surveillance)

DR-TB: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

DRV: Danuravir

DST: Drug Susceptibility Testing

DTP: Diphteria, Tetanus, Pertussis

DSMB: Data Safety Monitoring Board

DSS: Demographic Surveillance Site

DTO: District TB Officer

E

EBA: Early Bactericidal Activity

EC: Enteric Coated

ECDC: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

EDL: Essential Drug List

EFV: Efavirenz

EGPAF: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation

EIA/ELISAs: Enzyme ImmunoAssays

EID: Early Infant Diagnosis

EIR: Entomological inoculation Rate

ELISA: Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay

EMR: WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

EMRO: WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean

EMTCT: Elimination of Mother-To-Child Transmission (of HIV)

ENRS: Electronic National Record System

EPI: Expanded Programme on Immunization

EPTB: ExtraPulmonary Tuberculosis

EQA:  External Quality Assurance

ERR: Electronic Recording and Reporting

ETF: Early Treatment Failure

ETV: Etravirine

EU: European Union

EUR: WHO European Region

EURO: WHO Regional Office for Europe

F

FBC: FullBlood Count

FBO: Faith Based Organization

FDC: Fixed-Dose Combination

FEFO: First Expiry First Out

FHI: Family Health International

FIFO: First In First Out

FIDELIS: Fund for Innovative DOTS Expansion,managed by the Union

FIND Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics

FP: Family Planning

FPV: Fos-amprenavir

fos-APV/r: Fosamprenavir/Ritonavir

FSAT: Focused Screening And Treatment

FSW: Female Sex Worker (Indonesia: PSK – Penjaja Seks Komersial)

FTC: Emtricitabine

G

G6PD: Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase

G-20: Kelompok 20 Negara

GCLP: Good Clinical and Laboratory Practice

GDF Global Drug Facility

GDG: Guidelines Development Group

GDP: Good Distribution Practice

GDP: Gross Domestic Product

GF ATM:   The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

GHG USF: Global Health Group, University of San Francisco

GI: Gastrointestinal

GIS: Geographycal Information System

GLC: Green Light Committee

GLI: Global Laboratory Initiative

GMAP: Global Malaria Action Plan

GMCF: Global Malaria Control Strategy

GMP: Global Malaria Programme, WHO

GMP: Good Manufacturing Practice

GNI: Gross National Income

GNP: Gross National Product

GNP+: Global Network of Peolpe Living With HIV

GPARC: Global Plan for Artemisinin Resistance Containment

GPIRM: Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in malaria vectors

GPS: Global Positioning System

GRADE: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation

GRC: Guidelines Review Committee

GSG: Global Steering Group

GUD: Genital Ulcer Disease

H

HAART: Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy

Hb: Haemoglobin

HbA1c: glycated Haemoglobin

HBC: High-Burden (TB) Country

HBC: Home-Based Care

HbcAb: Hepatitis B core Antibody

HbsAg: Hepatitis B surface Antigen

HBTC: Home-Based Testing and Counselling

HBV: Hepatitis B virus

HCV: Hepatitis C Virus

HCVAb: Hepatitis C Antibody

HCW: Health-Care Worker

HDL: High Density Lipoprotein

HDL: Hospital DOTS Linkage

HDSS: High Dead-Space Syringe

HEPA: High Efficiency Particulate Air

HIC: High-Income Countries

HiFSAT: Highly Focused Screening And Treatment

HIPC: Highly Indebted Poor Countries

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV-2: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2

HIVDR: HIV Drug Resistance

HIVRNA: Human Immuno Deficiency Virus RiboNucleic Acid

HMIS: Health Management Information System

HPF: High-Power Field

HPV: Human PapillomaVirus

HR: Isoniazid-Rifampicin

HR: Hazard Ratio

HRD: Human Resource Development

HRP2: Histidine-Rich Protein 2

HRH: Human Resources for Health

HRZE: Isoniazid-Rifampicin-Pyrazinamide-Ethambutol

HSS: Health System Strengthening

HSV: Herpes Simplex Virus

HTC: HIV Testing and Counselling

HWG: Harmonization Working Group

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