PENGANTAR
Setiap hari
“singkatan” (abbreviation) atau juga “akronim” selalu bertambah. Menghapalkan
pasti sulit apalagi yang berbahasa Inggris. Dalam kaitan dengan kegiatan
pengendalian HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis dan Malaria, kita akan jumpai singkatan
yang demikian banyak. Bagi pengelola program terkait, yang hari-hari bergumul
dengan HIV/AIDS, TB atau Malaria tentunya tidak kesulitan. Tetapi bagi orang
awam atau (mohon maaf) pejabat yang urusannya lebih besar, suatu saat bisa
lupa. Pada saat “meeting” atau menyampaikan materi, bisa saja hilang dari
kepala. Dulu saya sering mengalami hal ini. Mau tanya kepada staf, rasanya
malu.
Daftar
singkatan di bawah dikumpulkan dari publikasi WHO. Tidak hanya singkatan untuk
hal-hal teknis tetapi juga lainnya yang terkait dengan kegiatan teknisnya.
Demikian pula singkatan nama Badan, organisasi, komite, tim terkait dalam
singkatan bahasa Inggris disertakan sekali. Supaya tidak terlalu panjang,
sehingga kelamaan “scroll down” posting dibagi tiga. Ini adalah bagian ke tiga
atau bagian terakhir yang diawali huruf P s/d Z. Kiranya bermanfaat.
P
PAL: Practical Approach to Lung Health
PAR: Populations At Risk of malaria
PAS: Para AminoSalicylic Acid
PAS: Para AminoSalicylic Acid
PATH: Program for Appropriate Technology in
Health
PCP: Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
PCD: Passive Case Detection
PCP: Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
(sekarang dikenal sebagai Pneumocystis jiroveci)
PCPNC: Pregnancy Childbirth Postpartum
PCPNC: Pregnancy Childbirth Postpartum
PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction
PDS: Panel Detection Score
PEP: Post-exposure prophylaxis
PEPFAR: US President’s Emergency Plan for
AIDS Relief
PETRA: Perinatal Transmission Study
PETRA: Perinatal Transmission Study
PfHRP2: Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich
Protein-2
PGL: Persistence Generalized
Lymphadenopathy
PHC: Primary Health Care
PI: Protease Inhibitor; bPI: Boosted Protease Inhibitor
PID: Pelvic Inflamatory Disease
PID: Pelvic Inflamatory Disease
PIAs: Phased Implementation of
collaborative TB/HIV Activities
PICO: Population, Intervention, Comparison
and Outcomes
PICT: Provider-Initiated Counselling and
Testing
PID: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PIH: Partners In Health
PIU: Programme Implementation Unit (of
UNDP)
PK: PharmacoKinetic
pLDH: parasite-lactate dehydrogenase
PLHA: People Living with HIV or AIDS
PLHIV: People Living with HIV
PLWH People Living With HIV/AIDS
PLWHA: People living with HIV and AIDS
PMDT: Programmatic Management of
Drugresistant Tuberculosis
PMI: The US President’s Malaria Initiative
PML: Progressive Multifocal
Leukoencephalopathy
PMTCT: Prevention of Mother-To-Child
Transmission [untuk HIV]
POC: Point-Of-Care
PPD: Purified Protein Derivative
PP: Private Provider
PPM: Public–Private Mix
PPP: Public–Private Partnerships
PQR: The Global Fund’s Price and Quality
Reporting
PrEP: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
PREMA-EU: Pregnancy, Malaria, Anaemia-European
Union-funded project
ProTEST: WHO-coordinated initiative to PROmote
TESTing for HIV by using VCT as an entry point to access a range of HIV/TB/STIs
prevention and care interventions
PRSP: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
PSL: Private Sector Laboratory
PSM: Procurement and Supply Chain
Management
PT: Preventive Therapy
PT: Proficiency Testing
PTB: Pulmonary TuBerculosis
Pvdhfr: Plasmodium vivax dihydrofolate reductase
PVO: Private Voluntary Organization
PWID: People Who Inject Drugs
Q
QA: quality assurance
QC: Quality Control
QI: Quality Improvement
QI: Quality Improvement
R
R: Rifampicin
RAL: Raltegravir
RAR: Rapid Assessment and Response
RAL: Raltegravir
RAR: Rapid Assessment and Response
RAVREDA: Amazon Network for the Surveillance
of Antimalarial Drug Resistance
RBM: The Roll Back Malaria Partnership
RBV: Ribavirim
RCT: Randomized Clinical Trial
RBV: Ribavirim
RCT: Randomized Clinical Trial
RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial
R&D: Research and Development
RDA: Recommended Daily Allowance
RDBMS: Relational DataBase Management
System
RDT: Rapid Diagnostic Test
RFB: Rifabutin
RFB: Rifabutin
RH: Relative Humidity
RH: Reproductive Health
RIF: Rifampicin
RMP: Rifampicin
RIF: Rifampicin
RMP: Rifampicin
RNA: RiboNucleic Acid
RNM: Resource Needs Model
RPR: Rapid Plasma Reagin
RR: Relative Risk
RR: Risk ratio
R&R: Recording and Reporting
RS: Remote Sensing
RT: Reverse Transcriptase
RS: Remote Sensing
RT: Reverse Transcriptase
RTI: Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
RTV: Ritonavir
RTV: Ritonavir
RWG: Resources Working Group
S
SAE: Serious Adverse Event
SAGE: WHO Strategic Advisory Group of
Experts on Immunization
SCC: Short-Course Chemotherapy
sdNVP: Single-Dose Nevirapine
sdNVP: Single-Dose Nevirapine
SEAR: WHO South-East Asia Region
SEARO: WHO Regional Office for South-East
Asia
SES: SocioEconomic Status
SIGN: Safe Injection Global Network
SJS: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
SJS: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
SLD: Second-Line anti-TB Drug
SMC: Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention
SME: Small and Medium sized Enterprise
SNRL: SupraNational Reference Laboratory
SOP:
Standard Operating Procedure
SP: Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine
SP: Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine
SPR: Slide Positivity Rate
SQV: Saquinavir
SQV/r: Saquinavir/Ritonavir
SQV: Saquinavir
SQV/r: Saquinavir/Ritonavir
SRH: Sexual and Reproductive Health
SRL: Supranational Reference Laboratory
SRLN: Supranational Reference Laboratory
Network
STAG-TB: WHO’s Strategic and Technical Advisory
Group on TB
STB: WHO Stop TB Department
STD: Sexually Transmitted Disease
(Indonesia: PMS – Penyakit Menular
Seksual
STI: Sexually Transmitted Infection
(Indonesia: IMS – Infeksi Menular
Seksual)
STI: Structured Treatment Interruption
STI: Structured Treatment Interruption
SUFI: Scale-Up For Impact
SW: Sex Worker
SW: Sex Worker
SWAP: Sector-Wide Approach
T
TA: Technical Assistance
TAG: Treatment Action Group
TasP: Treatment as Prevention
TB: Tuberculosis
TBCTA: Tuberculosis Coalition for Technical
Assistance
TB/HIV: HIV-related TB
TB-IC: TuBerculosis Infection Control
TBPT: Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy
TBTEAM: TB Technical Assistance Mechanism
TDF: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
TDF: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
TDF: Tropical Disease Foundation
TDR: Tropical Disease Research (Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases)
TDR: Tropical Disease Research (Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases)
TEG: Technical Expert Group
TEN:
Toxic Epidermal
Necrolysis
TG: Transgender People
The Union: (IUATLD) International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
TI: Transfer In
TLC: Total Lymphocyte Count
TO: Transfer Out
TRIPS: Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
The Union: (IUATLD) International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
TI: Transfer In
TLC: Total Lymphocyte Count
TO: Transfer Out
TRIPS: Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
TSH: Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
TST: Tuberculin Skin Test
TU: Tuberculin Unit
U
UA: Universal Access
ULN: Upper Limit of Normal
UN: United Nations
ULN: Upper Limit of Normal
UN: United Nations
UNAIDS: Joint United Nations Programme on
HIV/AIDS
UNDHA: United Nations Department for
Humanitarian Affairs
UNDMT: United Nations Disaster Management
Teams
UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund
UNGASS: United Nations General assembly
Special Session
UNHCR: Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF: United Nations Children’s Fund
UNITAID: International facility for the purchase of
diagnostics and medicines for diagnosis
and treatment of HIV/AIDS, malaria and
TB.
UNODC: United Nations Office on Drug and
Crime
UNSE: Office of the United Nations Special
Envoy for Malaria
USAID: United States Agency for International
Development
UVGI: UltraViolet Germicidal Irradiation
V
VAS: Visual Analogue Scale
VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing (for HIV infection). Now referred to as Client-initiated Testing and Counselling (CITC)
VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing (for HIV infection). Now referred to as Client-initiated Testing and Counselling (CITC)
VL: Viral Load
VMMC: Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
VOICE: Vaginal and Oral Interventions to
Control the Epidemic
VR: Vital Registration
W
WBC: White Blood Cell Count
WDF: World Diabetes Foundation
WER: WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record
WFP: World Food Programme
WDF: World Diabetes Foundation
WER: WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record
WFP: World Food Programme
WG: Working Group
WHA: World Health Assembly
WHO: World Health Organization
WHO-CHOICE: CHOosing Interventions that are
Cost-Effective
WHOPES: WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme
WIN: Scalable Vector Control Working Group
WMD:
Weighted Mean Difference
WPR: WHO Western Pacific Region
WPRO: WHO Regional Office for the Western
Pacific
X
XDR-TB: Extensively Drug-Resistant
Tuberculosis
Y
YRC: Youth Red Cross
Z
ZDV: Zidovudine
ZN: Ziehl-Neelsen (pengecatan)
ZN: Ziehl-Neelsen (pengecatan)
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