DAFTAR SINGKATAN “ATM” (2): I s/d O

Lanjutan dari: DAFTAR SINGKATAN “ATM”(1)): A s/d O

PENGANTAR

Setiap hari “singkatan” (abbreviation) atau juga “akronim” selalu bertambah. Menghapalkan pasti sulit apalagi yang berbahasa Inggris. Dalam kaitan dengan kegiatan pengendalian HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis dan Malaria, kita akan jumpai singkatan yang demikian banyak. Bagi pengelola program terkait, yang hari-hari bergumul dengan HIV/AIDS, TB atau Malaria tentunya tidak kesulitan. Tetapi bagi orang awam atau (mohon maaf) pejabat yang urusannya lebih besar, suatu saat bisa lupa. Pada saat “meeting” atau menyampaikan materi, bisa saja hilang dari kepala. Dulu saya sering mengalami hal ini. Mau tanya kepada staf, rasanya malu.

 

Daftar singkatan di bawah dikumpulkan dari publikasi WHO. Tidak hanya singkatan untuk hal-hal teknis tetapi juga lainnya yang terkait dengan kegiatan teknisnya. Demikian pula singkatan nama Badan, organisasi, komite, tim terkait dalam singkatan bahasa Inggris disertakan sekali. Supaya tidak terlalu panjang, sehingga kelamaan “scroll down” posting dibagi tiga. Ini adalah bagian ke dua yang diawali huruf I s/d O. Kiranya bermanfaat.
 

I

IAEG: Inter-Agency and Expert Group on MDG Indicators

IAS: International AIDS Society

IATT: Interagency Task Team

IC: Infection Control

IC50: Concentration providing 50% inhibition

ICAP: International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs

ICCM: Integrated Community Case Management

ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases (revisi ke 10))

ICF: Intensified Case-Finding

ICT: ImmunoChromatographic Test

ICW: International Community of Women with HIV/AIDS

IDA: International Development Association

IDP: Internally Displaced Person
 

IDSA: Infectious Diseases Society of America

IDU: Injecting Drug Users/use

IDU: Intravenous Drug Use (Indonesia: Penasun - Pengguna Narkotika Suntik)

IDV: Indinavir

IEC: Information, Education, Communication

IFRC: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

IGRA: Interferon-Gamma Release Assay

IHME: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

IHP+: The International Health Partnership and Related Initiatives

IHR: International Health Regulations

ILO: International Labour Organization

IM: intramuscular

IMAAI: Integrated Management of Adolescent and Adult Illness

IMCI: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness

IMCI: Integrated Mother and Child Initiative

IMF:  International Monetary Fund

IMPAC: Integrated Management of Pregnancy And Childbirth

INAT: Introducing New Approaches and Tools (subgroup of the Partnership DOTS Expansion Working Group)

INH: Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide/isoniazid

InSTI: integrase strand transfer inhibitor (or integrase inhibitor)

IPC: Infection Prevention and Control

IPV: Intimate Partner Violence

IPT:  Isoniazid Preventive Therapy

IPT: Intermittent Preventive Treatment

IPT1: First dose of intermittent preventive treatment

IPT2: Second dose of intermittent preventive treatment

IPTc: Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in children

IPTi: Intermittent Preventive Treatment in infants

IPTp: Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy

IRIS: Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

IRC: International Rescue Committee

IRL: Intermediate Reference Laboratory

IRR: Incidence Rate Ratio

IRS: Indoor Residual Spraying

ISTC: International Standards for Tuberculosis Care

ITPC: International Treatment Preparedness Coalition

ITM: insecticide-Treated Material

ITN: Insecticide-Treated (Mosquito)  Nets

IUATLD (The Union): International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

IUD: IntraUterine Device

IV: IntraVenous

IVM: Integrated Vector Management

J

JATA: Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association

JVP: Jugular Venous Pressure

K

KAP: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices

Kdr: Knock-Down Resistance

KNCV: Koninklijke Nederlandse Centrale Vereniging tot bestrijding der Tuberculose (Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Foundation)

KS: Kaposi’s Sarcoma

L

L&D: Labour and delivery

LDSS: Low Dead-Space Syringe

LED: Light-Emitting Diode

LFT: Liver Function Test

LIC: Low-Income Countries

LIP:  Lymphocytic (lymphoid) Interstitial Pneumonitis

LLIN: Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets

LMIC: Low and Middle-Income Countries

LP: lumbar Puncture

LPV: Lopinavir

LPV/r: Lopinavir/Ritonavir; Lopinavir with a booster dose of Ritonavir

LPA: Line Probe Assay

LSM: Larval Source Management

LTBI: Latent Tuberculosis Infection

LTF: Late Treatment Failure

M

MAC: Mycobacterium Avium intraCellulare

MAP: Malaria Atlas project

MARP: Most-At-rRsk Population

MAWG: Malaria Advocacy Working Group

MC: Male Circumcision

MCH: Maternal and Child Health

MCP: Malaria Control Programme

MCV: Mean Corpuscular Volume

MDA; Mass Drug Administration

MDG(s): Millennium Development Goal(s)

MDR: Multiple Drug Resistance (TB resistance to at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin)

MDR-HBC: High MDR-TB Burden Countries

MDR-TB: Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

M&E: Monitoring and Evaluation

MEMS: Medication Event Monitoring System

MERG: Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group (UNAIDS, RBM)

MGIT: Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube

mhGAP: Mental Health Gap Action Programme

MIC: Middle-Income Countries

MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

MICS: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

MIM: Multilateral Initiative on Malaria

MIP: Malaria In Pregnancy

MIS: Malaria Indicator Survey

MMEIG: Maternal Mortality Estimation Interagency Group

MMR: Maternal Mortality Rate

MMV: Medicines for Malaria Venture

MNC: Multi-National Company

MNCH: Maternal, Newborn and Child Health

MoH: Ministry of Health

MoJ:  Ministry of Justice

MoU: Memorandum of Understanding

MPAC: Malaria Policy Advisory Committee

MPS: Making Pregnancy Safer

MSAT: Mass Screening and Treatment

MSF: Médecins Sans Frontières

MSH: Management Sciences for Health

MSM: Men who have Sex with Men (Indonesia: LSL – Laki-laki Seks dengan Laki-laki)

MSMGF: Global Forum on MSM and HIV

MTCT: Mother-to-child transmission

MTEF: Medium-Term Expenditure Framework

MTR: Mid-term Reviews

MTSP: Medium-Term Strategic Plan

MVC: Maraviroc

MUAC: Mid-upper Arm Circumference

MVI: Malaria Vaccine Initiative

M/XDR-TB: MultiDrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (lihat MDR-TB) and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (lihat XDR-TB).

N

NAAT: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests/testing

NACP: National AIDS Control Programme

NAM: Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogue Mutation

NAMP: National Anti-Malaria Programme

NAP: National AIDS Program

NAT: Nucleic Acid Testing

NFV: Nelfinavir

NG: NasoGastric

NGO: NonGovernmental Organization

NHPS: National Health Policies, Strategies and Plans

NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [US]

NIH: National Institutes of Health [US]

NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, USA

NMCP: National Malaria Control Program

NNRTI: Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

NRL: National (TB) Reference Laboratory

NRTI: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitor

NSA: National Situation Assessment

NSA: National Strategy Application

NSAID: Nonsteroidal AntiInflamatory Drug

NSP: Needle and Syringe Programme (Indonesia: LJSS – Layanan Jarum Suntik Steril)

NsRTI: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

NTM: Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria

NTP: National Tuberculosis Control Program

NtRTI: Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

NVP: Nevirapine

sd-NVP: Single Dose Nevirapine

NVPOI: Nevirapine

NWG: National Working Group

O

OBR: Optimized Background Regiment

ODA: Official Development Assistance

OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OGAC: Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator

OGTT: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

OHCHR: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

OI: Opportunistic Infections

OP: Organophosphate

OPD: Outpatient Department

Open MRS: Open Medical Records System

OR: Odds Ratio

OR: Operational Research

ORS: Oral Rehydration Solution

OST: Opioid Substitution Therapy (Indonesia: PTRM – Pelayanan Terapi Rumatan Metadon)

Dilanjutkan ke: DAFTAR SINGKATAN “ATM” (3): P s/d Z